The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out the international community’s commitment to rid the world of poverty and hunger and achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental. Forests and mountains are referred to several times in the SDGs because of their significant contributions to food security and livelihoods and the many products and ecosystem services they provide. In particular, SDG 15, “Life on land”, puts forests and mountains at the centre of the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. The Inter-agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) agreed on a framework of targets and indicators to measure progress towards the SDGs. Two of the targets in SDG 15 – 15.1 and 15.2 – explicitly refer to forests and sustainable forest management, and a third target, 15.4, refers to the conservation of mountain ecosystems.

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