contractContractConcessions, conventions, leases, investment agreements, and development agreements are all agreements between a host state and an investor, which set out the terms and conditions for an investment project in the territory of that state. In such agreements, the state grants the investor the right to explore, exploit, develop, or operate a specific mine or oil and gas deposit , for a specific number of years and subject to certain general restrictions. Details regarding the location of the investment, along with provisions regarding fiscal issues, operational provisions, environmental and social obligations and so on are also often included. contract_amendmentContract AmendmentAny agreement that amends a previously entered into agreement. contract_annexContract AnnexThe grantee (or the concessionaire) usually has to pay the state fees or royalties in exchange for the right to carry out the investment. Those agreements are generally in use when the regulatory regime of the country is contract-based and not law-based. They are generally characteristic of “concessionary” regimes that are prevalent in the African continent where the legal frameworks are in development. contract_farming_agreementContract Farming AgreementContract farming agreements Contract farming involves agricultural production being carried out on the basis of an agreement between the buyer and farm producers energy_contractEnergy ContractIncluding hydropower and power purchase agreements. exploration_permit_licenceExploration Permit/LicenseAn exploration permit is an authorization granted by the state to an investor to allow them to enter, occupy, and conduct exploration activities (such as geological, geochemical, or geophysical surveys, and drilling, sampling, and excavation, together with the costs of assay and metallurgical testing of samples from the land) in specified areas for minerals in commercial quantities. Exploration permits are usually granted for a limited period of time and require the holder of the permit to spend a specific amount of money (often called a work budget) on the exploration. If the holder of the permit determines that the investment is commercially viable, they will likely need to obtain an exploitation permit/license to extract the resource. The investor may also need to enter into a mineral concession/lease and/or a production sharing agreement, depending on the laws and policies of the host state. An exploitation permit is an authorization granted by the state to an investor to allow them to mine or otherwise extract a specific resource from the exploration site. Exploitation permits are usually granted after exploration permits / licenses, and the investor has obtained an approved feasibility study that shows that the investment is commercially viable. exploration_permit_licenceExploitation/extraction permit or licenseAn exploitation permit is an authorization granted by the state to an investor to allow them to extract the resource and conduct exploitation activities. The investor may also need to enter into a mineral concession/lease and/or a production sharing agreement, depending on the laws and policies of the host state. An exploitation permit is an authorization granted by the state to an investor to allow them to mine or otherwise extract a specific resource from the exploration site. Exploitation permits are usually granted after exploration permits / licenses, and the investor has obtained an approved feasibility study that shows that the investment is commercially viable. forest_concession_contractForest Concession ContractA forestry concession contract is issued to allow for logging activities to be be conducted under specific terms of an agreed area. in_land_fishcatchment_concession_contractIn-land Fishcatchment Concession ContractThe provision of concessions of fishing lots in inland fisheries as issued by the state. Activities are based upon the benchmarkes set in place in the 2011 master plan pertaining to fisheries development; these include catching, operating, processing and marketing of fisheries products. infrastructure_contractInfrastructure ContractContracts that are issued for development of infrastructure structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) etc. investment_promotion_agreementInvestment Promotion AgreementThose types of contracts are specific to the context of Chile and Peru that are under a licensing regime. Those types of contracts grant a stabilization of the fiscal terms to the investor in exchange of the payment of a premium on the royalty. This section also includes Stabilization Agreements. join_venture_agreementJoint Venture AgreementA joint venture is a business arrangement involving two or more parties pursuing a joint undertaking for their mutual benefit. A joint venture agreement is a contract between those parties to formalize, and set out the terms and conditions that govern, the relationship. The joint venture agreement may involve the creation of a project company that is jointly controlled by the parties to the joint venture agreement. In the context of mining and extractives, joint ventures usually involve the host state and an investor, where both parties jointly participate in the exploration and development of the resources, have equity shares, and earnings from the equity and the gross output of the production. Are JVA only used DRC contracts - or are there also examples from other regimes? Could we name some examples? land_concession_contractLand Concession ContractLand leased for development of agri-business development predominantly m_o_uMemorandum of UnderstandingDescribes a bilateral or multilateral agreement between two or more parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action. Commonly not legally binding. maritime_fishcatchment_concession_contractMaritime Fishcatchment Concession ContractThe provision of concessions of fishing lots in maritime fisheries as issued by the state. Activities are based upon the benchmarkes set in place in the 2011 master plan pertaining to fisheries development; these include catching, operating, processing and marketing of fisheries products. other_long-term_leasing_contract_state_assetsOther long-term leasing contract of State AssetsOther agreements and contracts that do not fall into the above criteria. production_or_profit_sharing_agreementProduction or Profit Sharing AgreementContracts commonly used in the petroleum sector between an investor and the host state or a national oil company, which entitle the host state to a share of the physical quantities of the petroleum produced. Such an agreement typically allocates the resources as reimbursements on production costs, then splits the control over the remaining “profit” oil or gas between the operating group of companies and the government/ NOC. The government/NOC either sells its portion on its own, or takes cash payment from the operating companies in lieu of physical delivery of the commodity. service_contractService ContractMore commonly used in the oil and gas industry, a service contract is an agreement whereby a private company is contracted by a host state to accomplish carefully delimited tasks, usually in relation to the provision of technical services to explore, develop, and / or produce oil / gas, on a service fee basis. The fee is usually paid per barrel (based on the value of the oil produced), plus the cost of recovery (cost of recovery is the means by which the private company recoups the cost and expenses of performing the services outlined in the service contract). The private company does not usually have a share of the revenue produced, and the state retains sole rights and control over the resources. social_land_concessionSocial Land ConcessionSLC is a land concession allocated predominantly to marginalised and under represented commmunities to allocate land for residential purposes and/or to cultivate lands belonging to the State for their subsistence. environmental_impact_assessmentEnvironmental Impact AssessmentAn EIA is the process of examining the anticipated environmental effects of a proposed project.